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Automotive air conditioning refrigerant R134a
Refrigerant R134a is commonly known as snow tpye in some areas of southern. It can achieve cooling the working substance by constantly circulating in the refrigeration system and through its own change of state. The refrigerant in the evaporator is absorbed by the cooling medium (water or air, etc.) the heat of vaporization in the condenser will heat to the surrounding air or water to condense.
Refrigerant R134a Physical properties
The ideal refrigerant has favorable thermodynamic properties, is noncorrosive to mechanical components, and is safe (including nontoxic, nonflammable, and environmentally benign). The desired thermodynamic properties are a boiling point somewhat below the target temperature, a high heat of vaporization, a moderate density in liquid form, a relatively high density in gaseous form, and a high critical temperature. Since boiling point and gas density are affected by pressure, refrigerants may be made more suitable for a particular application by choice of operating pressures. The inert nature of many Halons, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), with the benefits of them being nonflammable and nontoxic, made them good choices as refrigerants, but their stability in the atmosphere and their corresponding global warming potential and ozone depletion potential raised concerns
The following table lists the used refrigerant early
|
Years |
Snow kinds |
Chemical formula |
|
1830s |
Distillate rubber compounds |
|
|
|
Diethyl ether (ethyl ether) |
CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 |
|
1840s |
Methyl ether (R-E170) |
CH3-O-CH3 |
|
1850 |
Water / sulfuric acid |
H2O/H2SO4 |
|
1856 |
Alcohol |
CH3-CH2-OH |
|
1859 |
Ammonia / water |
NH3/H2O |
|
1866 |
Ligroin |
|
|
|
Carbon dioxide (R744) |
CO2 |
|
1860s |
Ammonia (R717) |
NH3 |
|
|
Methyl amine (R630) |
CH3(NH2) |
|
|
Ethyl amine (R631) |
CH3-CH2(NH2 |
|
1870 |
Methyl formate (R611) |
HCOOCH3 |
|
1875 |
Sulfur dioxide R764) |
SO2 |
|
1878 |
Methyl chloride, methyl chloride (R40) |
CH3CI |
|
1870s |
Chloroethane (R160) |
CH3-CH2CI |
|
|
Sulfuric acid and hydrocarbons |
H2SO4,C4H10,C5H12,(CH3）2CH-CH3 |
|
20th Century |
Bromoethane (R160B1) |
CH3-CH2Br |
|
|
Carbon tetrachloride |
CCI4 |
|
|
Water vapor (R718) |
H2O |
|
1920s |
Isobutane (R600a) |
（CH3)2CH-CH3 |
|
|
Propane (R290) |
CH3-CH2-CH3 |
|
1922 |
Dichloroethane isomer (R1130) |
CHCI=CHCI |
|
1923 |
Gasoline |
HCs |
|
1925 |
Trichloroethane (R1120) |
CHCI=CCI2 |
|
1926 |
Dichloromethane (R30) |
CH2CI2 |
Refrigerant application
Refrigerants such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and non-halogenated hydrocarbons preserve the ozone layer and have no (ammonia) or only a low (carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons) global warming potential. They are used in air-conditioning systems for buildings, in sport and leisure facilities, in the chemical/pharmaceutical industry, in the automotive industry and above all in the food industry (production, storage, retailing). New applications are opening up for non-halogenated refrigerants; for example, in vehicle air-conditioning.
Refrigerant Notable blends
R407C pressure-enthalpy diagram, isotherms between the two saturation lines
Below are some notable blended HFC mixtures. There exist many more (see list of refrigerants). All R-400 (R-4xx) and R-500 (R-5xx) hydroflurocarbons are blends, as noted above.
R-401A is a HCFC zeotropic blend of R-22, R-152a, and R-124. It is designed as a replacement for R-12.
R-404A is a HFC "nearly azeotropic" blend of 52 wt.% R-143a, 44 wt.% R-125, and 4 wt.% R-134a. It is designed as a replacement of R-22 and R-502 CFC. Its boiling point at normal pressure is -46.5 °C, its liquid density is 0.485 g/cm3.
R-406A is a zeotropic blend of 55 wt.% R-22, 4 wt.% R-600a, and 41 wt.% R-142b.
R-407A is a HFC zeotropic blend of 20 wt.% R-32, 40 wt.% R-125, and 40 wt.% R-134a.
R-407C is a zeotropic hydrofluorocarbon blend of R-32, R-125, and R-134a. The R-32 serves to provide the heat capacity, R-125 decreases flammability, R-134a reduces pressure.
R-408A is a zeotropic HCFC blend of R-22, R-125, and R-143a. It is a substitute for R-502. Its boiling point is -44.4 °C.
R-409A is a zeotropic HCFC blend of R-22, R-124, and R-142b. Its boiling point is -35.3 °C. Its critical temperatiure is 109.4 °C.
R-410A is a near-azeotropic blend of R-32 and R-125. The US Environmental Protection Agency recognizes it as an acceptable substitute for R-22 in household and light commercial air conditioning systems.[13] It appears to have gained widespread market acceptance under several trade names.
R-438A another HFC blended replacement for R-22, with five components: R-32, R-125/R-134a, R-600, and R-601a, blended in respective ratios 8.5+.5,-1.5%; 45±1.5%; 44.2±1.5%; 1.7+.1,-.2%; 0.6+.1,-.2%. The mean ‘’mo’’lecular weight of this mix is 99, resulting in the tradename ISCEON MO99 from manufacturer DuPont (a line of blended HFC products developed initially by Rhodia, and sold to DuPont).
R-500 is an azeotropic blend of 73.8 wt.% R-12 and 26.2 wt.% of R-152a.
R-502 is an azeotropic blend of R-22 and R-115.
Pictures of car air conditioning refrigerant R134a
refrigerant R134a picture 1
refrigerant R134a picture 2
refrigerant R134a picture 3
refrigerant R134a picture 4
